EFISIENSI EKONOMI USAHATANI TEBU DI KECAMATAN DAWE, KABUPATEN KUDUS

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui efisiensi ekonomi usahatani tebu menggunakan metode survey sejak bulan Februari hingga April 2016 di Kecamatan Dawe, Kabupaten Kudus. Penentuan lokasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode purposive, metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan snowball sampling. Jumlah responden ditetapkan menggunakan metode slovin, sebanyak 216 orang, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok berdasarkan status tanam, yaitu tanaman 1, ratoon1, ratoon 2, dan ratoon 3. Metode analisis dengan menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb – Douglas untuk mencari nilai koefisien regresi faktor produksi kemudian membandingkan antara Nilai Produk Marjinal dan Biaya Marjinal Faktor ke – i (NPM/BKM), dimana efisiensi ekonomi telah tercapai jika Nilai Produk Marjinal (NPM) sama dengan Biaya Korbanan Marjinal (BKM). Hasil analisis efisiensi usahatani tebu di Kecamatan Dawe, Kabupaten Kudus menunjukkan bahwa : Faktor produksi luas lahan, benih atau ratoon, dan pupuk Za penggunaanya belum efisien, pada status tanam tanaman 1, ratoon 1, ratoon 2, dan ratoon 3; faktor produksi pupuk phonska belum efisien hanya pada status tanam ratoon 3. Faktor produksi pupuk phonska dan tenaga kerja penggunaannya tidak efisien pada status tanam tanaman 1, ratoon 1, dan ratoon 2.

Kata Kunci: Efisiensi, korbanan marjinal, produk marjinal, ratoon, tebu.

The purpose of this study was to analyze economic efficiency of sugarcane farming. A survey research was carried out from February to April 2016 in Dawe District, Kudus Regency. Determination of research location used purposive method, sampling method used snowball sampling. Number of sampel were 216 farmers based slovin method, which were divided into four groups based on the status of planting, which were the plant cane, 1st ratoon cane, 2nd ratoon cane, and 3rd ratoon cane. Analysis of method used Cobb – Douglas production function to obtaine the regression coefficient of factors production and comparing the Marginal Value Product with Marginal Cost Product i factor (NPM/BKM), where economic efficiency have been achieved if the Marginal Value Product (NPM) is equal to Marginal Cost Product (BKM). The research results showed that : production factors of land, seed or ratoon, and Za fertilizer usage were not efficient on plant cane, 1st ratoon cane, 2nd ratoon cane, and 3rd ratoon cane; production factor phonska fertilizer was not efficient only on 3rd ratoon cane. Production factors of phonska fertilizer usage were not efficient on plant cane, 1st ratoon cane, 2nd ratoon cane.

Keywords: Efficiency, marginal cost, marginal product, ratoon, sugarcane.